13^th Global Diabetes Conference & Medicare Expo August 08-10, 2016 Birmingham, UK

Diabetes may be diagnosed based on A1C criteria or plasma glucose criteria, either the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or the 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) value after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Blood tests are used to diagnosis diabetes and pre-diabetes because early in the disease type 2 diabetes may have no symptoms. All diabetes blood tests involve drawing blood at a health care provider’s office or commercial facility and sending the sample to a lab for analysis. Lab analysis of blood is needed to ensure test results are accurate. Glucose measuring devices used in a health care provider’s office, such as finger-stick devices, are not accurate enough for diagnosis but may be used as a quick indicator of high blood glucose.

 

Diabetes industry guides to the 11 largest pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies producing diabetes related products or those involved with diabetes research. Diabetes is a major problem in the UK, and as such a large healthcare and treatment industry has built up around it. Diabetes care devices market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 6.3% from 2015 to 2020, to reach USD 2.3 Billion by 2020 from USD 1.7 Billion in 2015. Factors such as increasing number of diabetic patients across BRIC countries, growing research on diabetes, and increasing international research collaborations are driving the growth of the this market. There are about 60 million people with diabetes in the European Region, or about 10.3% of men and 9.6%  of women aged 25 years and over. Prevalence of diabetes is increasing among all ages in the European Region, mostly due to increases in overweight and obesity, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. WHO projects diabetes deaths will double between 2005 and 2030

Complementary and alternative medicine is defined as a "group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine." Complementary medicine is used with conventional therapy, whereas alternative medicine is used instead of conventional medicine. Although some of these therapies may be effective, others can be ineffective or even harmful. Some CAM therapies have been shown to affect glycemic control, the clinical efficacy and mechanism of many CAM therapies for diabetes is controversial, and safety issues are a concern. Adverse effects of many CAM therapies are not well documented. Because patients with diabetes often take multiple prescription medications, there exists the potential for herb-drug and herb-dietary supplement interactions, leading to adverse events.

Biomarkers can be defined  as “a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers play an integral part in conducting clinical trials and treating patients. In most instances, they help medical practitioners, researchers, and regulatory officials make well-informed, scientifically sound decisions. More efficient discovery and use of biomarkers in the development of antidiabetes drugs will depend on advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes and especially its macrovascular complications.  Methodological advances from other fields, especially oncology, are beginning to pave the way toward improved models of diabetes pathogenesis and biomarker discovery.

Endocrinology is a specialty of medicine; some would say a sub-specialty of internal medicine, which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to hormones. Endocrinology covers such human functions as the coordination of metabolism, respiration, reproduction, sensory perception, and movement. Endocrinology also focuses on the endocrine glands and tissues that secrete hormones. The human endocrine system consists of a number of glands. These glands produce and secrete hormones which control the body's metabolism, growth, sexual development and function. When the hormones leave the glands they enter the bloodstream and are transported to organs and tissues in every part of the body.

Long-term complications of diabetes develop gradually. The longer you have diabetes and the less controlled your blood sugar the higher the risk of complications. Eventually, diabetes complications may be disabling or even life-threatening. The complications of diabetes mellitus are far less common and less severe in people who have well-controlled blood sugar levels. Wider health problems accelerate the deleterious effects of diabetes. These include smoking, elevated cholesterol levels, obesity, high blood pressure, and lack of regular exercise. The single best predictor of type 2 diabetes is overweight or obesity. Almost 90% of people living with type 2 diabetes are overweight or have obesity. People who are overweight or have obesity have added pressure on their body's ability to use insulin to properly control blood sugar levels, and are therefore more likely to develop diabetes

Diabetes increases the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease and about 75% of deaths in diabetics are due to coronary artery disease. The primary complications of diabetes due to damage in small blood vessels include damage to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Damage to the eyes, known as diabetic retinopathy, is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina of the eye. Damage to the kidneys, known as diabetic nephropathy, can lead to tissue scarring, urine protein loss, and eventually chronic kidney disease. Diabetes is a leading cause of kidney failure. At least half of all people with diabetes may have signs of early kidney problems. Damage to the nerves of the body, known as diabetic neuropathy, is the most common complication of diabetes. Diabetes related foot problems may occur, and can be difficult to treat, occasionally requiring amputation.

The estimated heritability of the metabolic syndrome and related metabolic traits (including obesity, dyslipidemia, abnormal glucose regulation and elevated blood pressure) is relatively high. Genetically modified knockout mice models and human monogenic obese/insulin resistant syndrome provide important molecular insights into the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Transplantation is the transfer (engraftment) of human cells, tissues or organs from a donor to a recipient with the aim of restoring function in the body. Transplantation can be of various types such as pancreas transplantation, xenotransplantation and islet transplantation. A pancreas transplant is surgery to implant a healthy pancreas from a donor into a patient with diabetes.

Cell therapy is defined as the administration of live whole cells or maturation of a specific cell population in a patient for the treatment of a disease. Cell therapy is expanding its repertoire of cell types for administration. Cell therapy treatment strategies include isolation and transfer of specific stem cell populations, administration of effector cells, induction of mature cells to become pluripotent cells, and reprogramming of mature cells. The establishment of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells and embryonic germ cells have introduced a new potential source for cell therapy in type 1 diabetic patients, especially in light of recent successes in producing glucose-sensitive insulin-secreting cells from mouse embryonic stem cells.

Diabetes care market comprises of technologies, devices and therapeutics markets in relation to diabetes. Approximately 11.6% of the global healthcare expenditure is shared by diabetes care. In 2010, global expenditure on diabetes was $376 billion. Global diabetes management product market was valued $41 billion in 2012.There has been a considerable rise in the number of diabetes cases globally over the last few years. Currently, about 528.7 million people are suffering from obesity, which is a primary reason for development of diabetes in people. Key Players profiled in the report include Glaxosmithkline, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Medtronic and etc. Novo Nordisk (or 'the company') is a leading global provider of diabetes products. The company also has a leadership position in hemostasis management, growth hormone therapy and hormone replacement therapy. Novo Nordisk operates in Europe, North America, China, Japan, Korea and other regions of the world. It is headquartered in Bagsvaerd, Denmark, and employed 41,450 people as of December 31, 2014. Medtronic (or 'the company') is a medical technology and services company. The company develops, manufactures and markets its medical devices and technologies to hospitals, physicians, clinicians and patients in approximately 160 countries. Medtronic is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland, and employed more than 92,000 people as of April 24, 2015. F. Hoffmann-La Roche (Roche or 'the group') is one of the leading research-focused healthcare groups in the world. It is engaged in the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic products. Roche is a pioneer in the development of blood glucose monitoring systems and a global leader for diabetes management systems and services Roche is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, and employed 88,509 people as of December 31, 2014Diabetes care market comprises of technologies, devices and therapeutics markets in relation to diabetes. Approximately 11.6% of the global healthcare expenditure is shared by diabetes care. In 2010, global expenditure on diabetes was $376 billion. Global diabetes management product market was valued $41 billion in 2012.There has been a considerable rise in the number of diabetes cases globally over the last few years. Currently, about 528.7 million people are suffering from obesity, which is a primary reason for development of diabetes in people. Key Players profiled in the report include Glaxosmithkline, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Medtronic and etc. Novo Nordisk (or 'the company') is a leading global provider of diabetes products. The company also has a leadership position in hemostasis management, growth hormone therapy and hormone replacement therapy. Novo Nordisk operates in Europe, North America, China, Japan, Korea and other regions of the world. It is headquartered in Bagsvaerd, Denmark, and employed 41,450 people as of December 31, 2014. Medtronic (or 'the company') is a medical technology and services company. The company develops, manufactures and markets its medical devices and technologies to hospitals, physicians, clinicians and patients in approximately 160 countries. Medtronic is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland, and employed more than 92,000 people as of April 24, 2015. F. Hoffmann-La Roche (Roche or 'the group') is one of the leading research-focused healthcare groups in the world. It is engaged in the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic products. Roche is a pioneer in the development of blood glucose monitoring systems and a global leader for diabetes management systems and services Roche is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, and employed 88,509 people as of December 31, 2014

Diabetes highlights a growing epidemic imposing serious social economic crisis to the countries around the globe. Despite scientific breakthroughs, better healthcare facilities, and improved literacy rate, the disease continues to burden several sections, especially middle and low income countries. The present trends indicate the rise in premature death, posing a major threat to global development. Scientific and technological advances have witnessed the development of newer generation of drugs. Recent approaches in drug discovery have contributed to the development of new class of therapeutics like Incretin mimetics, Amylin analogues, GIP analogs, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor as targets for potential drugs in diabetes treatment. Subsequently, the identification and clinical investigation of bioactive substances from plants have revolutionized the research on drug discovery and lead identification for diabetes management.